A Profile Of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project

A Profile of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project Abstract: Interdisciplinary undergraduate engineering programs have increased in importance and significance over past few years. Interdisciplinary research areas are strongly motivated to become disciplines themselves. If they succeed, they can establish their own research funding programs and make their own tenure and promotion decisions. Interdisciplinary studies can also give skills that help future engineers to cope in a changing environment. To understand the strengths and weaknesses of these interdisciplinary courses and programs, it is important to examine how students perceptions develop through the duration of the course, specifically in regards to their approach to an†¦show more content†¦The approach towards this project shows interdisciplinary learning between various engineering fields. First thing to start is designing of table which involves precise dimensions and this involves mechanical engineering to implement material modeling. Secondly, the design also involves kient sensor which needs to be embedded with the simulator and programmed through assembly language, requires electrical engineering in it. Finally all the functionality and image processing results are programmed using JAVA coding which are exclusively done by computer engineering. This shows the importance of Interdisciplinary studies. Various heat exchanger designs are proposed for cooling beer wort from boiling temperature to fermentation temperature. In beer making cooling the wort quickly is very important for three main reasons: it avoids oxidation, bacteria contamination, and chill haze formation. Fast cooling the wort provides a thermal shock to these heat-sensitive proteins causing them to permanently precipitate. Chillpipe heat exchanger is been designed and developed, that will cool 5 gallons of wort in less than 4 minutes, and that is easy to clean and set up. This involves using specialized software called â€Å"SThex†, developed to demonstrate the chemical design rating calculations of Shell Tube Heat Exchangers. Also testing

Muslim Women As A Symbol Of Oppression - 856 Words

In the past decade, Islam has been viewed as a male dominant religion. Many people in the west proclaim that Muslim women are forced to wear and do things out of their own will and, therefore, the western society perceives Muslim women as a symbol of oppression. The main subject of controversy is the Islamic veil. In addition, the west proclaims Islam to be a sexist religion as the Muslim women are not held equal to men including a limited amount of women’s rights in Islam. In the Deepa Kumar article, Kumar exposes what the western countries try and have done to uphold women’s rights. The western countries compare the Muslim dominated countries to themselves which results in a clash of civilization. This is occurs as the western culture and values do not equate with the culture and values the Muslim dominated countries possess. In addition, France had banned the hijab on a similar argument as other western countries as they attempt to â€Å"liberate† Muslim wome n. In contrast, these rulings of â€Å"liberation† have backlashed on the societies affected. Deepa Kumar states that neither Afghan nor French women have benefited from the attempt of â€Å"liberation† but, in fact, made it worse. These controversies of â€Å"oppressed† Muslim women gave the west a humble chance to rescue the victims. In Islam, the differences of man and woman are not only biological or physical but also spiritual. Both male and female are based on God. The male body reflects power and majesty while the female bodyShow MoreRelatedThe Veil Is A Symbol Of Religion1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe veil is a symbol of both culture and religion. In Islam, many women choose to wear a type of veil for religious reasons. A female that covers her head may be deemed as a pious and modest individual. However, there are multiple explanations for why the veil became such an important symbol in the Islamic community as well as across the globe. Despite the fact that a veil is a rather simple object, it is nonetheless full of symbolism and rich history. Unfortunately, this symbolism and history isRead MoreAspects of Islam that Conflict with the Common Beliefs and Ideals of the Secular Worldview826 Words   |  3 PagesMany aspects of the muslim religion conflict with the common beliefs and ideals of the secular wo rldview. Perhaps the most controversial difference is the muslim tradition of women covering the hair or in many cases the entire body. With the steady rise of feminism throughout much of the Western world throughout the past few decades, the gap between the muslim religion and the secular worldview has become more intense as the burqa/hijab is often seen as a sign of female oppression to many secularistsRead MoreUnveiling The Hijab : Oppression Versus Self Determination1719 Words   |  7 Pages Unveiling the hijab: oppression versus self-determination in modern Islam The hijab is a traditional headdress worn by Muslim women, and to a lesser extent, Muslim men, based on Qur anic interpretations relating to modesty. Since religious mandates are rarely enforced in modern society, especially in Western nations, the persistent practice of wearing veils by Muslim women has received increasing scrutiny from government agencies and certain feminist groups . 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While in some of the Muslim countries hijab is a cultural and religious norm, it has caused a lot of controversy in other countries, like Western countries which often interpret hijab as a symbol of oppression of Muslim women. There have been various regulations recently even in progressive countries like Fran ce regarding wearing a hijab in public places and this shows thatRead MoreThe Functions of the Veil for Muslims1359 Words   |  5 Pageshas been a topic of controversy amongst several Muslim and non-Muslim scholars (Ruby, 2006). The â€Å"new hijab phenomenon† originated in Cairo approximately two decades ago. Although not a common practice in Cairo, by the year 2000 over 80% of women adopted some form of veiling. The practice of veiling has also been embraced by several other Muslim societies around the world (Carvalho, 2013). The Western world has associated veiling as a form of oppression, gender inequality, and has been an object ofRead MoreEvelyn Alsultany Takes A Different Approach To The Oppression1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent approach to the oppression of Muslim women that the U.S. portrayed in the media to fuel the War on Terror and analyses that the U.S. portrayed Islam as backwards and an uncivilized culture. Alsultany analyzes published stories and news shows on CNN, NBC, CBS, and Fox after the 9/11 attacks and concludes that these news stations used women’s oppression and linked it with terrorist attacks because they conveyed that Muslim men hated the West’s cultural ideals of women being free and wanted toRead MoreA Google Search For The Term Muslim Women 1735 Words   |  7 PagesA Google search for the term ‘Muslim women’ greatly illustrates the impression and image of Islam in western society; the page fills with pictures of women in coverings, most prevalently head-to-toe black with just their eyes visible, with several women depicted in fetters. This shows the way the western eye interprets Muslim women – constantly oppressed by the patriarchal, Islamic religion; however, it is also a representation of the perceived strangeness of a society not entrenched in our beliefsRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, the veil is often viewed as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. In France (where Satrapi currently lives), for example, there have been numerous laws banning different forms of the veil (such as the burka and the niqab) with many critics, such as former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, arguing that they are â€Å"oppressive† and â€Å"not welcome† in France (â€Å"The Islamic veil across Europe,† 2014, pg. 1). This is the western view of the veil, but what do Muslim women think of the veil and the fundamentalistRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Twin Towers872 Words   |  4 Pagesthe burqa, in her article â€Å"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?† She examines the cultural significance and different types of veiling. Culture permeates every part of life. As Americans, maybe this is harder to see. Yet, everything from the way we talk to what we choose to wear is the result of culture. This makes it vital to understand that many things have a cultural significance. Abu-Lughod expresses her dismay over the â€Å"obsession with the plight of Muslim women† being focused on the burqa (209)

The Analysis Of The 2007 Mineral And Mining Act Essay

Additionally, the Act limits the duration of contract and exploration rights to 25 years, renewable after 24 years upon a successful preservation of the standards, including environmental regulations stated under the Act. The analysis of the 2007 Mineral and Mining Act demonstrates that the excesses of the environmental damage in the Niger Delta region did not emanate from inadequate legislation. The problem is an ineffective implementation of the Act. As indicated in the first part of the paper, the Nigeria government lacks the political will to implement the appropriate clauses important for the protection of the Niger Delta’s ecosystem because a significant percentage of the government expenditure comes from revenues generated by oil corporations. The government’s incapacity to implement the Mineral and Mining Act results from a fear that strict adherence to the Act might dwindle national revenue, and constrains budget. While this fear is a genuine one, it can however be partly addressed by a diversification of the national economy, from oil based to include other sectors of the economy. Diversify the Economy There is a causality between lack of economic diversification and high levels of vulnerability. This is the case in Nigeria as the oil sector contributes more than half to the country’s GDP, yet, it only provides employment to les than 5 percent of the country’s teeming population. Over reliance on oil does not destroy Delta’s ecosystem, but alsoShow MoreRelatedBhp Billiton And World Biggest Natural Resources Organisation1114 Words   |  5 Pageslargest copper producer and third largest nickel producer. Background of the organisation BHP BILLITON is merger of two companies. First one is BHP (Broken Hill) was formed by Charles Rasp in western New South Wales. BHP started their business with mining of silver and lead. Second one is Billiton used to abstract tin in mid-1800s. 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Financial Ratio Analysis of Wilmar International Ltd. Free Solution

Brief About Wilmer International Limited The company was incorporated in 1991. It is recognized as Asias topaqribusiness group. The company has very huge capitalization value on Singapore stock exchange; in 2010 it was at number two in capitalization value on Singapore stock exchange. It is basically holding company of 400 and more subsidiaries company The company is dealing in various industry like Edible oil, Grain processing and many more. Company has large amount of plants all over the world. The company is also recognized as one of least environment friendly company. In 2012, Wilmar was named the world's least environmentally friendly company by US news magazine Newsweek.Due to their poor environmental performance they were excluded in 2013 from The Government Pension Fund of Norway, the largest stock owner in Europe. Statement Showing Percentage movement the following various factors based on Annual report of 2012 and 2013 of Wilmar international Limited Particulars 2013(US$'000) 2012(US$'000) % IMPROVEMENT REVENUE 44,085,001.00 45,463,414.00 -3.03 OPERATING PROFIT/LOSS 1,763,169.00 1,768,027.00 -0.27 TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED 23,440,378.00 20,506,851.00 14.31 TOTAL ASSETS 46,631,795.00 41,920,134.00 11.24 NET CASH GENERATED USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 1,613,608.00 1,067,725.00 51.13 EARNINGS PER SHARE US$ 20.6 US$ 19.6 5.10 TOTAL DIVIDEND PAID PER ORDINARY SHARE US$ 8 US$ 5 60.00 YEAR END SHARE PRICE US$ 3.42 US$ 3.34 2.40 YEAR END MARKET CAPITALIZATION RATE 67,514,466.02 67,368,724.49 0.22 YEAR END SHARE PRICE I GOT FROM A WEBSITE WHICH HAS BEEN MENTIONED IN THE WORD FILE DIVIDE THE PROFIT AFTER TAX BY EPS TO FIND OUT NUMBER OF SHARES MULTIPLY THE SAME WITH MPSALL OTHER DATA HAS BEEN DIRECTLY INSERTED FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT FINANCIAL RATIOS We have compared ratios of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LIMITED with OLAM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED. We have analyzed the same for 2012 and 2013 which are as follow: Indicator/ Comparison 2013 2012 UNIT GROSS PROFIT RATIO GP OF WILMAR 8.44 8.55 % GP OF OLAM 18.02 11.19 NET PROFIT RATIO NP OF WILMAR 3.15 2.90 % NP OF OLAM 1.88 2.36 CURRENT RATIO CR OF WILMAR 1.20 1.11 TIMES CR OF OLAM 1.82 1.63 OPERATING PROFIT RATIO OPR OF WILMAR 3.78 3.62 % OPR OF OLAM 0.04 0.04 GEARING RATIO GR OF WILMAR 1.93 1.81 TIMES GR OF OLAM 0.83 0.85 EPS OF WILMAR P/E RATIO OF OLAMMPS US$ 19.6 9.5 TIMESUS$ 2.06 CALCULATION OF MPS OF WILMAR BASED ON OLAM'S P/E RATIO PRICE REARNIG RATIO Basically P/E ratio states market Price per share to Earnings per share. Here we compare market price of a share with the earnings that a business generates per share. This ratio is helpful when we compare two firms. On standalone basis this ratio has very restricted use. Further the comparison should be done of those companies which exist in the same industry. It is many a time referred as multiple, the reason being it shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar. This ratio is highly dependent on capital structure. Because debt in capital employed affects both earnings and share prices in many ways. Higher the debt, lower the earnings per share. Wilmars P/E ratio is 14.3 times which means that the purchaser of the stock of Wilmar is paying $14.3 for every dollar of earnings. Whereas P/E ratio of Olam is 9.50. Both the above companies are from the same industry. Willmar has a higher forecast earning growth as compared to Olam. When we use the P/E ratio of Olam for Wilmar the Market Price of Wilmar reduces to us$ 2.06. As on 4 August 2014 EPS of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL WAS 0.2258, So if we apply OLAMs P?E ratio which is 9.5 than share price would be 2.1451 (9.5*.2258) Press released based Movement graph Reason behind fall in share prices of Wilmar International Limited The company posted weak earnings and further the Singapore earnings were flat in the absence of any major market catalyst. Wilmars first quarter net profit fell by 49% due to losses in sugar business, lower palm refining margins and negative soybean margins in China. The shares are trading low since Feb 6. Analysis of ratios and relavent percentage movement for Investment advise 1.Gross Profit Ratio It is a tool that measures a companys financial health by deducting the cost of goods sold from the revenue. It is a source from which additional expenses are made. It reflects the extent of efficiently a business is utilizing of its material and labors in business. It also gives an indication of the pricing policy, costing structure and all other production efficiency of a business. The more the percentage the more the business retains money for operating expenses. Gross profit ratio of Wilmar International Ltd is approximately 8.45% for the year 2013 as compared to the year 2012 which was 8.56 %. The basic reason behind fall in revenue was that the palm prices were significantly low which has been the cause of fall in revenue by 3% approx. By mid 2014 the company will be supplying palm oil to neighboring countries. While we compare the results of Wilmar with Olam Ltd which an agro based company we find that the gross profit has increased for Olam from 11.19% for the year 2012 to 18 % for the year 2013. Olam has shown 21% rise in its revenue which could because it has powerful supply CHAIN 2. Net Profit Ratio It is basically a ratio that measures how much part or portion of every dollar a company actually keeps in earnings. It is very useful while we compare two companies in similar industries. Higher percentage of this ratio indicates that company has a better control over its cost as compared to competitors. Shareholders have a close watch over this ratio. Changes in this ratio is endlessly scrutinized. Wilmar International Limiteds Net profit has shown an increase of 70.371 million US$ which is 25% approx more than for the financial year 2012. During 2012 companys ratio was2.9% which has risen to 3.15%. Though there was a fall in gross profit ratio but the company was able to increase its net profit. In April it extended the collaboration with Tereos Group to include corn and potatoes. It expanded its value chain to Sri Lanka and by November formed a 50:50 JV with Kemira and expanded the value chain in China. The company strengthened its control over it cost. As seen from the financial statements that there is a fall in Selling Distribution expense, finance cost and COGS which led a higher % of Net profit ratio for the year 2013. When we look over to Olam, there is a fall in its Net Profit Ratio from 2.4% for the financial year 2012 to 1.8% for the financial year 2013even though the sales has risen by 21%. 3. Current ratio Basically it is a ratio that measures a companys liquidity i.e. its ability to pay short term o bligation when they arise. It is the most widely used test of liquidity of a business. It is the ratio of Current Assets of a business to its Current Liabilities. Current Assets are those which are converted into cash within 12months or within the normal operating cycle where as Current liabilities are the obligations of a business that have to be paid within 12months. An idle Current Ratio is 2:1 which means Current Liabilities are half of Current Assets. Creditors prefer granting credit to those companies which have a higher Current Ratio. Wilmars Current Ratio has shown an increase from 1.11times to 1.2times. More the Current ratio less the number of liquidity crisis. When we look to Olam, its Current Ratio has fallen from 1.63times to 1.82times 4. Operating Profit Ratio The profit generated through from its core business activity or functions, can be called operating profit. It does not include any profits earned from the investments and effects of interest taxes it is known by two names, first is EBIT(Earnings Before Interest Tax) and Operating income. It is calculated by deducting operating expense, COGS Depreciation from Operating income. This ratio is helpful in measuring companys pricing decision operating efficiency. Wilmars Operating Profit Ratio has increased from 3.62% for the financial year 2012 to 3.78% for the year 2013. Every month new expansion have taken place like JV with a company in China, sale of potatoes, etc which has shown an increase in this ratio slowly and gradually. When we look over to Olam, its Operating Profit Ratio has almost remained constant to 4% both the financial years 5.Gearing Ratio Basically the capital compromises of two things. One is the owners fund and the other is the borrowed fund or debt fund. This ratio helps us to identify the level up to which a companys transaction are financed by own fund and borrowed funds. It is the proportion of a companys debt to its equity. Higher the ratio more risky the firm is because in such firm there would be a higher portion of debt. It might lead to bankruptcy in future. Lenders such as financial institutions basically focus on this ratio before granting ant financial assistance. Those industries with large ongoing Fixed assets requirements generally have a high gearing ratio. In order to determine an optimal ratio generally comparison is done within the same industry. Wilmars Gearing ratio is 0.83times for the year 2013 as compared to 0.85times for the year The proportion of debt is less as compared to equity and further it has reduced during the year 2013. When we look to Olam, its gearing ratio as increased from 1.8 1times to 1.93time from the year 2012 to 2013. It has higher debt portion. It is a highly levered firm which has a bit It is to be noted that the P/E ratio of Wilmar is higher than Olam. Also if we look up at page 4 , Percentage movement company had outperformed in all area except revenue almost remained same. I t is to be noted that company had also purchased assets , indicating expansions. So looking at t the good margin on Operating Profit, In addition to above following percentage movement is analyzed for consider investment decision a. Movement in EBITDA For 2013 , EBIT of WILMAR was US$2432 in Million And in 2012 it was 2406 It show the companys EBITDA had grown not much , but yes thought turnover get reduced in 2013 , it had shown increasing trend , It shows company had good control on Operating Expenses . b. Movement in Debt to equity ratio For 2013 Debt to Equity ratio was 0.83 , however in 2012 it was 0.85, It shows company has reduced the Debt und diverted it focused towards Equity fund. It reduce the risk factor by reducing fixed interest cot bearing security. c. Movement in Liquid Working Capital For 2013 was Liquid Working Capital US$ million 7108.9 , however in 2012 it was US$ million 7011.2, It shows company managed liquidity very positively. Though turnover get reduced and the net Liquid Working Capital had increased. d. Fall in revenue The basic reason behind fall in revenue was that the palm prices were significantly low during the year which has been the cause of fall in revenue by 3% approx as compared to 2012 e. Fall in operating profit The company has started expanding in different countries and has entered in Associate Joint Ventures so there instead of rising the operating profit fell down as when we open up a new business we earn less in the beginning. Same is with Wilmar. f. Rise in capital employed In the year Wilmar invested approx 285.155 million US$ in Fixed Assets , the Retained earnings rose by 102.05 million US$. So overall there was a 14% rise in capital employed. As I mentioned in point no.2 that company expanded through Associates Joint Ventures which led to such increase in capital employed g. Increase in cash generated by operating activities The net profit of Wilmar has risen by 70.371 million US$ as compared to 2012 i.e. 25% more than 2012. This has led to a rise in cash generated by operating activities Conclusion After comparing relevant ratios and percentage movement of specified factor of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2013 with previous years annual report and OLAM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED annual report 2012,2012 . It seems Wilamar has good potential if it increase it sales activity, It has good control in all other area. After considering all factors I advise my friend to invest in 5000 shares of Wilmar.In addition to that following.