Baroque and Classicism

The Baroque style in craftsmanship that prospered in the seventeenth century is described by â€Å"intense feelings, amazing stylistic layouts, and even a sort of imaginative drama (Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 473). † It is a development that was vigorously adorned and exceptionally unpredictable, fundamentally in light of the fact that it needed to summon a solid feeling of feeling from the watcher. The specialists who bought in to this specific development â€Å"embraced dynamism, showiness, and expound ornamentation, all used to fabulous impact, frequently on an affected scale (Klein 649). The term itself is accepted to have come room the Portuguese word tavern, which alluded to an unpredictably formed pearl. It to some degree fitting, as elaborate models, especially, have numerous intricate surfaces as a major aspect of their ornamentation. A prime case of the florid style in design is crafted by Italian stone worker Giant Lorenz Bernie, Ecstasy of SST. Teresa of Ð?vial. The model is unmistakably ornate, first in quite a while of its structure. Taking a gander at the figure, it is anything but difficult to perceive how different the visual surfaces are in Bering's work. The enormous, thick creases of the garments of SST.Teresa appears differently in relation to the lighter, more slender surface of the dress of the heavenly attendant piercing her with a bolt. These surfaces are additionally plainly detectable and not quite the same as the smoky surface of the cloud underneath, the smooth, porcelain-like skin of both SST. Teresa and the heavenly attendant, and the arranged beams speaking to God behind the essential figures. This assorted variety in surfaces is an indication of the elaborate style's fixation on ornamentation, as the multifaceted nature it makes is practically overpowering to the watcher. Another part of Bering's work that epitomizes the elaborate is its whitetail introduction of emotion.The decision of the topic is now fits such showi ness, since the figure is delineating the SST. Teresa in one of her dazes after her transformation to Catholicism after the passing of her dad, which she portrays as being brought about by â€Å"the fire-tipped bolt of awesome love that a heavenly attendant had pushed over and again into her heart (Klein 654). † The feeling all over as rendered by Bernie is one of a practically sexual peak, in plain view for anyone to view. This condition of an orgasmic, excruciating joy is a way to let the watcher comprehend on insane footing the extraordinary experience of the divine.Only the ornate style, with its accentuation on feeling can catch and show such a state. Elegance is a workmanship development that was likewise famous during the seventeenth century, yet more so in France, contrasted with the power of the florid in Italy. It was upheld by the French ruler, Louis XIV as the favored style for French specialists. Style mirrored the goals of the craft of times long past: â€Å"ge ometric shapes, request, and concordance of lines overshadowed the arousing, abundant, and passionate types of the extravagant Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 510). It reviews the old style time frame, which in expressions of the human experience alludes to the customs of the Greeks and the Romans. There is a more grounded accentuation on balance and straight lines in elegance, which encapsulate the request and reason valued among craftsmen that buy in to this development. The work by French craftsman Nicholas Poisson, Discovery of Achilles on Gyros, is a magnificent case of elegance. Taking a gander at the structures in the work of art, it is anything but difficult to perceive how requested everything is. There is a strength of straight lines, not just in the old style design delineated behind Achilles and his blade, yet additionally in the postures expected by the figures.The arms of the ladies are deliberately situated to make straight lines. The utilization of shading is additionall y amicable and requested, as Poisson utilizes corresponding shades of blue and orange to make the attire jump out. The skin tone of the all the ladies are additionally unmistakably more pleasant than that of the men, in order to make the watcher plainly perceive contrasts in sexual orientation. There is an unmistakable absence of feeling in the canvas, as the outward appearances of the figures are extremely unemotional and repressed.

Anthem Report essays

Song of praise Report articles On the off chance that I could sum up Anthem in a couple of words, I would state that it was a book about individuals battling to get themselves. The story happens in a city that is moving innovatively in reverse soon. I would portray the principle character, Equality 7-2521, as a legend who stands up in what he has faith in. Equity is a circuitous character on the grounds that the creator didn't simply mention to us what he resembled. You could tell that he was a decent individual the manner in which he thought and acted. He was practically a static character since he didn't change much all through the book. He changed a tad, yet insufficient to consider him a powerful character. I would state its some place in the center. Balance is certainly a level character. He adhered to one thing all through the book, which is how entirely different he was than every other person. My preferred line that Equality said is We will never go out nor let it be taken from us. This line mentions to you what sort of individual Equality was. It is giving you that he was solid in what he had faith in and resolved to make the best decision. No one truly enjoyed him aside from the individuals he had grown up with. The Wo rld Council feared him due to his innovation. It doesn't generally say how he dressed, yet I'm speculating he wore truly grimy old garments since he was a road sweeper and didn't have no cash. More or less, the plot is about a kid named Equality 7-2521 and a young lady named Liberty 5-3000 attempting to discover the word I. Beyond question, the peak of the story was when Equality 7-2521 fled into the Uncharted woods. I found that when he saw the underground passage as the best piece of the book. Every one of these parts of the novel assists with making it energizing and fascinating. ... <!

The Pressure We Put on Ourselves

The Pressure We Put on Ourselves People are more stressed than ever. We have more pressure put on us than any other time in history. You see it on your TV, the toothpick models and rugged sexiest men alive  occupying the screen. This is what youre supposed to look like. You hear it on your radio, the solipsistic over-indulgence of Hummer-driving rap stars and champagne-guzzling pop stars promulgating irresponsible living. This is how youre supposed to consume. You notice it at work, the co-worker gossip about him and her and, god forbid, you. This is how youre supposed to behave. To have the tallest building in town, you must tear down everyone elses. Suffice it to say, the pressure is all around us. Or is it? The truth is that nearly all the pressure we feel is completely internal. Sure, this pressure is influenced by external factors, but the that doesnt mean we have to take the bait. We neednt succumb to these influences. You see, the pressure is only there if you allow it to be. Sure, everyone will judge you, but no one actually cares about the details of your life. No one cares if you fit into that size 0 dress or if you drive a fancy sports car or if you have the tallest building in town. Once you realize this, you can give yourself permission to get rid of the pressure. You are already perfect without it. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

The Pressure We Put on Ourselves

The Pressure We Put on Ourselves People are more stressed than ever. We have more pressure put on us than any other time in history. You see it on your TV, the toothpick models and rugged sexiest men alive  occupying the screen. This is what youre supposed to look like. You hear it on your radio, the solipsistic over-indulgence of Hummer-driving rap stars and champagne-guzzling pop stars promulgating irresponsible living. This is how youre supposed to consume. You notice it at work, the co-worker gossip about him and her and, god forbid, you. This is how youre supposed to behave. To have the tallest building in town, you must tear down everyone elses. Suffice it to say, the pressure is all around us. Or is it? The truth is that nearly all the pressure we feel is completely internal. Sure, this pressure is influenced by external factors, but the that doesnt mean we have to take the bait. We neednt succumb to these influences. You see, the pressure is only there if you allow it to be. Sure, everyone will judge you, but no one actually cares about the details of your life. No one cares if you fit into that size 0 dress or if you drive a fancy sports car or if you have the tallest building in town. Once you realize this, you can give yourself permission to get rid of the pressure. You are already perfect without it. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

A Profile Of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project

A Profile of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project Abstract: Interdisciplinary undergraduate engineering programs have increased in importance and significance over past few years. Interdisciplinary research areas are strongly motivated to become disciplines themselves. If they succeed, they can establish their own research funding programs and make their own tenure and promotion decisions. Interdisciplinary studies can also give skills that help future engineers to cope in a changing environment. To understand the strengths and weaknesses of these interdisciplinary courses and programs, it is important to examine how students perceptions develop through the duration of the course, specifically in regards to their approach to an†¦show more content†¦The approach towards this project shows interdisciplinary learning between various engineering fields. First thing to start is designing of table which involves precise dimensions and this involves mechanical engineering to implement material modeling. Secondly, the design also involves kient sensor which needs to be embedded with the simulator and programmed through assembly language, requires electrical engineering in it. Finally all the functionality and image processing results are programmed using JAVA coding which are exclusively done by computer engineering. This shows the importance of Interdisciplinary studies. Various heat exchanger designs are proposed for cooling beer wort from boiling temperature to fermentation temperature. In beer making cooling the wort quickly is very important for three main reasons: it avoids oxidation, bacteria contamination, and chill haze formation. Fast cooling the wort provides a thermal shock to these heat-sensitive proteins causing them to permanently precipitate. Chillpipe heat exchanger is been designed and developed, that will cool 5 gallons of wort in less than 4 minutes, and that is easy to clean and set up. This involves using specialized software called â€Å"SThex†, developed to demonstrate the chemical design rating calculations of Shell Tube Heat Exchangers. Also testing

Muslim Women As A Symbol Of Oppression - 856 Words

In the past decade, Islam has been viewed as a male dominant religion. Many people in the west proclaim that Muslim women are forced to wear and do things out of their own will and, therefore, the western society perceives Muslim women as a symbol of oppression. The main subject of controversy is the Islamic veil. In addition, the west proclaims Islam to be a sexist religion as the Muslim women are not held equal to men including a limited amount of women’s rights in Islam. In the Deepa Kumar article, Kumar exposes what the western countries try and have done to uphold women’s rights. The western countries compare the Muslim dominated countries to themselves which results in a clash of civilization. This is occurs as the western culture and values do not equate with the culture and values the Muslim dominated countries possess. In addition, France had banned the hijab on a similar argument as other western countries as they attempt to â€Å"liberate† Muslim wome n. In contrast, these rulings of â€Å"liberation† have backlashed on the societies affected. Deepa Kumar states that neither Afghan nor French women have benefited from the attempt of â€Å"liberation† but, in fact, made it worse. These controversies of â€Å"oppressed† Muslim women gave the west a humble chance to rescue the victims. In Islam, the differences of man and woman are not only biological or physical but also spiritual. Both male and female are based on God. The male body reflects power and majesty while the female bodyShow MoreRelatedThe Veil Is A Symbol Of Religion1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe veil is a symbol of both culture and religion. In Islam, many women choose to wear a type of veil for religious reasons. A female that covers her head may be deemed as a pious and modest individual. However, there are multiple explanations for why the veil became such an important symbol in the Islamic community as well as across the globe. Despite the fact that a veil is a rather simple object, it is nonetheless full of symbolism and rich history. Unfortunately, this symbolism and history isRead MoreAspects of Islam that Conflict with the Common Beliefs and Ideals of the Secular Worldview826 Words   |  3 PagesMany aspects of the muslim religion conflict with the common beliefs and ideals of the secular wo rldview. Perhaps the most controversial difference is the muslim tradition of women covering the hair or in many cases the entire body. With the steady rise of feminism throughout much of the Western world throughout the past few decades, the gap between the muslim religion and the secular worldview has become more intense as the burqa/hijab is often seen as a sign of female oppression to many secularistsRead MoreUnveiling The Hijab : Oppression Versus Self Determination1719 Words   |  7 Pages Unveiling the hijab: oppression versus self-determination in modern Islam The hijab is a traditional headdress worn by Muslim women, and to a lesser extent, Muslim men, based on Qur anic interpretations relating to modesty. Since religious mandates are rarely enforced in modern society, especially in Western nations, the persistent practice of wearing veils by Muslim women has received increasing scrutiny from government agencies and certain feminist groups . 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The Western world has associated veiling as a form of oppression, gender inequality, and has been an object ofRead MoreEvelyn Alsultany Takes A Different Approach To The Oppression1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent approach to the oppression of Muslim women that the U.S. portrayed in the media to fuel the War on Terror and analyses that the U.S. portrayed Islam as backwards and an uncivilized culture. Alsultany analyzes published stories and news shows on CNN, NBC, CBS, and Fox after the 9/11 attacks and concludes that these news stations used women’s oppression and linked it with terrorist attacks because they conveyed that Muslim men hated the West’s cultural ideals of women being free and wanted toRead MoreA Google Search For The Term Muslim Women 1735 Words   |  7 PagesA Google search for the term ‘Muslim women’ greatly illustrates the impression and image of Islam in western society; the page fills with pictures of women in coverings, most prevalently head-to-toe black with just their eyes visible, with several women depicted in fetters. This shows the way the western eye interprets Muslim women – constantly oppressed by the patriarchal, Islamic religion; however, it is also a representation of the perceived strangeness of a society not entrenched in our beliefsRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, the veil is often viewed as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. In France (where Satrapi currently lives), for example, there have been numerous laws banning different forms of the veil (such as the burka and the niqab) with many critics, such as former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, arguing that they are â€Å"oppressive† and â€Å"not welcome† in France (â€Å"The Islamic veil across Europe,† 2014, pg. 1). This is the western view of the veil, but what do Muslim women think of the veil and the fundamentalistRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Twin Towers872 Words   |  4 Pagesthe burqa, in her article â€Å"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?† She examines the cultural significance and different types of veiling. Culture permeates every part of life. As Americans, maybe this is harder to see. Yet, everything from the way we talk to what we choose to wear is the result of culture. This makes it vital to understand that many things have a cultural significance. Abu-Lughod expresses her dismay over the â€Å"obsession with the plight of Muslim women† being focused on the burqa (209)

The Analysis Of The 2007 Mineral And Mining Act Essay

Additionally, the Act limits the duration of contract and exploration rights to 25 years, renewable after 24 years upon a successful preservation of the standards, including environmental regulations stated under the Act. The analysis of the 2007 Mineral and Mining Act demonstrates that the excesses of the environmental damage in the Niger Delta region did not emanate from inadequate legislation. The problem is an ineffective implementation of the Act. As indicated in the first part of the paper, the Nigeria government lacks the political will to implement the appropriate clauses important for the protection of the Niger Delta’s ecosystem because a significant percentage of the government expenditure comes from revenues generated by oil corporations. The government’s incapacity to implement the Mineral and Mining Act results from a fear that strict adherence to the Act might dwindle national revenue, and constrains budget. While this fear is a genuine one, it can however be partly addressed by a diversification of the national economy, from oil based to include other sectors of the economy. Diversify the Economy There is a causality between lack of economic diversification and high levels of vulnerability. This is the case in Nigeria as the oil sector contributes more than half to the country’s GDP, yet, it only provides employment to les than 5 percent of the country’s teeming population. Over reliance on oil does not destroy Delta’s ecosystem, but alsoShow MoreRelatedBhp Billiton And World Biggest Natural Resources Organisation1114 Words   |  5 Pageslargest copper producer and third largest nickel producer. Background of the organisation BHP BILLITON is merger of two companies. First one is BHP (Broken Hill) was formed by Charles Rasp in western New South Wales. BHP started their business with mining of silver and lead. Second one is Billiton used to abstract tin in mid-1800s. 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Financial Ratio Analysis of Wilmar International Ltd. Free Solution

Brief About Wilmer International Limited The company was incorporated in 1991. It is recognized as Asias topaqribusiness group. The company has very huge capitalization value on Singapore stock exchange; in 2010 it was at number two in capitalization value on Singapore stock exchange. It is basically holding company of 400 and more subsidiaries company The company is dealing in various industry like Edible oil, Grain processing and many more. Company has large amount of plants all over the world. The company is also recognized as one of least environment friendly company. In 2012, Wilmar was named the world's least environmentally friendly company by US news magazine Newsweek.Due to their poor environmental performance they were excluded in 2013 from The Government Pension Fund of Norway, the largest stock owner in Europe. Statement Showing Percentage movement the following various factors based on Annual report of 2012 and 2013 of Wilmar international Limited Particulars 2013(US$'000) 2012(US$'000) % IMPROVEMENT REVENUE 44,085,001.00 45,463,414.00 -3.03 OPERATING PROFIT/LOSS 1,763,169.00 1,768,027.00 -0.27 TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED 23,440,378.00 20,506,851.00 14.31 TOTAL ASSETS 46,631,795.00 41,920,134.00 11.24 NET CASH GENERATED USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 1,613,608.00 1,067,725.00 51.13 EARNINGS PER SHARE US$ 20.6 US$ 19.6 5.10 TOTAL DIVIDEND PAID PER ORDINARY SHARE US$ 8 US$ 5 60.00 YEAR END SHARE PRICE US$ 3.42 US$ 3.34 2.40 YEAR END MARKET CAPITALIZATION RATE 67,514,466.02 67,368,724.49 0.22 YEAR END SHARE PRICE I GOT FROM A WEBSITE WHICH HAS BEEN MENTIONED IN THE WORD FILE DIVIDE THE PROFIT AFTER TAX BY EPS TO FIND OUT NUMBER OF SHARES MULTIPLY THE SAME WITH MPSALL OTHER DATA HAS BEEN DIRECTLY INSERTED FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT FINANCIAL RATIOS We have compared ratios of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LIMITED with OLAM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED. We have analyzed the same for 2012 and 2013 which are as follow: Indicator/ Comparison 2013 2012 UNIT GROSS PROFIT RATIO GP OF WILMAR 8.44 8.55 % GP OF OLAM 18.02 11.19 NET PROFIT RATIO NP OF WILMAR 3.15 2.90 % NP OF OLAM 1.88 2.36 CURRENT RATIO CR OF WILMAR 1.20 1.11 TIMES CR OF OLAM 1.82 1.63 OPERATING PROFIT RATIO OPR OF WILMAR 3.78 3.62 % OPR OF OLAM 0.04 0.04 GEARING RATIO GR OF WILMAR 1.93 1.81 TIMES GR OF OLAM 0.83 0.85 EPS OF WILMAR P/E RATIO OF OLAMMPS US$ 19.6 9.5 TIMESUS$ 2.06 CALCULATION OF MPS OF WILMAR BASED ON OLAM'S P/E RATIO PRICE REARNIG RATIO Basically P/E ratio states market Price per share to Earnings per share. Here we compare market price of a share with the earnings that a business generates per share. This ratio is helpful when we compare two firms. On standalone basis this ratio has very restricted use. Further the comparison should be done of those companies which exist in the same industry. It is many a time referred as multiple, the reason being it shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar. This ratio is highly dependent on capital structure. Because debt in capital employed affects both earnings and share prices in many ways. Higher the debt, lower the earnings per share. Wilmars P/E ratio is 14.3 times which means that the purchaser of the stock of Wilmar is paying $14.3 for every dollar of earnings. Whereas P/E ratio of Olam is 9.50. Both the above companies are from the same industry. Willmar has a higher forecast earning growth as compared to Olam. When we use the P/E ratio of Olam for Wilmar the Market Price of Wilmar reduces to us$ 2.06. As on 4 August 2014 EPS of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL WAS 0.2258, So if we apply OLAMs P?E ratio which is 9.5 than share price would be 2.1451 (9.5*.2258) Press released based Movement graph Reason behind fall in share prices of Wilmar International Limited The company posted weak earnings and further the Singapore earnings were flat in the absence of any major market catalyst. Wilmars first quarter net profit fell by 49% due to losses in sugar business, lower palm refining margins and negative soybean margins in China. The shares are trading low since Feb 6. Analysis of ratios and relavent percentage movement for Investment advise 1.Gross Profit Ratio It is a tool that measures a companys financial health by deducting the cost of goods sold from the revenue. It is a source from which additional expenses are made. It reflects the extent of efficiently a business is utilizing of its material and labors in business. It also gives an indication of the pricing policy, costing structure and all other production efficiency of a business. The more the percentage the more the business retains money for operating expenses. Gross profit ratio of Wilmar International Ltd is approximately 8.45% for the year 2013 as compared to the year 2012 which was 8.56 %. The basic reason behind fall in revenue was that the palm prices were significantly low which has been the cause of fall in revenue by 3% approx. By mid 2014 the company will be supplying palm oil to neighboring countries. While we compare the results of Wilmar with Olam Ltd which an agro based company we find that the gross profit has increased for Olam from 11.19% for the year 2012 to 18 % for the year 2013. Olam has shown 21% rise in its revenue which could because it has powerful supply CHAIN 2. Net Profit Ratio It is basically a ratio that measures how much part or portion of every dollar a company actually keeps in earnings. It is very useful while we compare two companies in similar industries. Higher percentage of this ratio indicates that company has a better control over its cost as compared to competitors. Shareholders have a close watch over this ratio. Changes in this ratio is endlessly scrutinized. Wilmar International Limiteds Net profit has shown an increase of 70.371 million US$ which is 25% approx more than for the financial year 2012. During 2012 companys ratio was2.9% which has risen to 3.15%. Though there was a fall in gross profit ratio but the company was able to increase its net profit. In April it extended the collaboration with Tereos Group to include corn and potatoes. It expanded its value chain to Sri Lanka and by November formed a 50:50 JV with Kemira and expanded the value chain in China. The company strengthened its control over it cost. As seen from the financial statements that there is a fall in Selling Distribution expense, finance cost and COGS which led a higher % of Net profit ratio for the year 2013. When we look over to Olam, there is a fall in its Net Profit Ratio from 2.4% for the financial year 2012 to 1.8% for the financial year 2013even though the sales has risen by 21%. 3. Current ratio Basically it is a ratio that measures a companys liquidity i.e. its ability to pay short term o bligation when they arise. It is the most widely used test of liquidity of a business. It is the ratio of Current Assets of a business to its Current Liabilities. Current Assets are those which are converted into cash within 12months or within the normal operating cycle where as Current liabilities are the obligations of a business that have to be paid within 12months. An idle Current Ratio is 2:1 which means Current Liabilities are half of Current Assets. Creditors prefer granting credit to those companies which have a higher Current Ratio. Wilmars Current Ratio has shown an increase from 1.11times to 1.2times. More the Current ratio less the number of liquidity crisis. When we look to Olam, its Current Ratio has fallen from 1.63times to 1.82times 4. Operating Profit Ratio The profit generated through from its core business activity or functions, can be called operating profit. It does not include any profits earned from the investments and effects of interest taxes it is known by two names, first is EBIT(Earnings Before Interest Tax) and Operating income. It is calculated by deducting operating expense, COGS Depreciation from Operating income. This ratio is helpful in measuring companys pricing decision operating efficiency. Wilmars Operating Profit Ratio has increased from 3.62% for the financial year 2012 to 3.78% for the year 2013. Every month new expansion have taken place like JV with a company in China, sale of potatoes, etc which has shown an increase in this ratio slowly and gradually. When we look over to Olam, its Operating Profit Ratio has almost remained constant to 4% both the financial years 5.Gearing Ratio Basically the capital compromises of two things. One is the owners fund and the other is the borrowed fund or debt fund. This ratio helps us to identify the level up to which a companys transaction are financed by own fund and borrowed funds. It is the proportion of a companys debt to its equity. Higher the ratio more risky the firm is because in such firm there would be a higher portion of debt. It might lead to bankruptcy in future. Lenders such as financial institutions basically focus on this ratio before granting ant financial assistance. Those industries with large ongoing Fixed assets requirements generally have a high gearing ratio. In order to determine an optimal ratio generally comparison is done within the same industry. Wilmars Gearing ratio is 0.83times for the year 2013 as compared to 0.85times for the year The proportion of debt is less as compared to equity and further it has reduced during the year 2013. When we look to Olam, its gearing ratio as increased from 1.8 1times to 1.93time from the year 2012 to 2013. It has higher debt portion. It is a highly levered firm which has a bit It is to be noted that the P/E ratio of Wilmar is higher than Olam. Also if we look up at page 4 , Percentage movement company had outperformed in all area except revenue almost remained same. I t is to be noted that company had also purchased assets , indicating expansions. So looking at t the good margin on Operating Profit, In addition to above following percentage movement is analyzed for consider investment decision a. Movement in EBITDA For 2013 , EBIT of WILMAR was US$2432 in Million And in 2012 it was 2406 It show the companys EBITDA had grown not much , but yes thought turnover get reduced in 2013 , it had shown increasing trend , It shows company had good control on Operating Expenses . b. Movement in Debt to equity ratio For 2013 Debt to Equity ratio was 0.83 , however in 2012 it was 0.85, It shows company has reduced the Debt und diverted it focused towards Equity fund. It reduce the risk factor by reducing fixed interest cot bearing security. c. Movement in Liquid Working Capital For 2013 was Liquid Working Capital US$ million 7108.9 , however in 2012 it was US$ million 7011.2, It shows company managed liquidity very positively. Though turnover get reduced and the net Liquid Working Capital had increased. d. Fall in revenue The basic reason behind fall in revenue was that the palm prices were significantly low during the year which has been the cause of fall in revenue by 3% approx as compared to 2012 e. Fall in operating profit The company has started expanding in different countries and has entered in Associate Joint Ventures so there instead of rising the operating profit fell down as when we open up a new business we earn less in the beginning. Same is with Wilmar. f. Rise in capital employed In the year Wilmar invested approx 285.155 million US$ in Fixed Assets , the Retained earnings rose by 102.05 million US$. So overall there was a 14% rise in capital employed. As I mentioned in point no.2 that company expanded through Associates Joint Ventures which led to such increase in capital employed g. Increase in cash generated by operating activities The net profit of Wilmar has risen by 70.371 million US$ as compared to 2012 i.e. 25% more than 2012. This has led to a rise in cash generated by operating activities Conclusion After comparing relevant ratios and percentage movement of specified factor of WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2013 with previous years annual report and OLAM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED annual report 2012,2012 . It seems Wilamar has good potential if it increase it sales activity, It has good control in all other area. After considering all factors I advise my friend to invest in 5000 shares of Wilmar.In addition to that following.

Theory X and Theory Y Theories of Employee Motivation free essay sample

Douglas McGregor in his research has developed theories in the human resource management that describe contrasting models that if applied by managers in the organizational behaviour of workers, organization communication and organization development can enhance maximum production from the human work force. This analysis enabled the generation of two opposing perceptions about people, i.e. theory X and Theory Y.Comparing the two Theories, The Following Are The Differences. In terms of the management style, theory X emphasises on Authoritarian management as the managers opt for a close supervision rather than delegation of the managerial roles in order to ensure work is done while in Theory Y, the management and duties are decentralised in the bid to help develop the potential of the employees towards the common goal as that of the company in question.Theory X, the managers has a perception that employees are naturally lazy, unmotivated, avoid responsibility and need to be closely supervised and comprehensive control systems are needed while in theory Y, Assumes that individual believe going to work is the only way of achieving their high level of satisfaction and self-respect therefore go to work on their own accord. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory X and Theory Y: Theories of Employee Motivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theory X emphasises on a well clearly defined roles in an organization which are mostly repetitive to enhance proper supervision of work done whereas in theory Y the workers tend to work in a wider areas of skills and knowledge as employees are encourage to exercise their innovation skills in making improvements.Carrot and Stick. This is an approach that offers the combination of motivation and punishment on employees to induce behaviour. In the theory X the approach is used since performance appraisal as part of the overall mechanism of control and remuneration whereas, in Theory Y, as much as appraisal is important and regular, it is always offered separate from the organization. Employees in this case are given various opportunities for promotion.In conclusion, the two theories that McGregor talks about in his book â€Å"The human side of enterprise† demonstrates the approaches used in the management of people as either through the authoritarian style of management or the d emocratic style of leadership, each of them are adopted by most mangers in the human management.

Maintaining Internet Privacy essays

Maintaining Internet Privacy essays Louisiana law states "Every person shall be secure in his person, property, communications, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches, seizures, or invasions of privacy." (Article I, 5, p.3) Does this apply in accordance to online privacy? Louisiana has many distinctive laws and regulations that protect the communitys privacy. The laws protect the community from unlawful use of the Internet (i.e., Cyberstalking, Unauthorized revealing of personal information, etc). I believe that Louisiana has a firm grip on these laws and enforcing criminal action on those who do not abide. Over the past semi century the Internet has grown tremendously and therefore many directives for the privacy of the community have been set. Milestone cases such as McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, Stanley v. Georgia, and Tattered Cover Inc. v. City of Thornton are all court cases that involve the changing times and the enforcement of privacy and anonymity laws. I will address these court cases and a few others that Louisiana itself has come across, including a recent case in New Orleans that includes anonymous online commenting and how it may signify something larger and more pernicious. Online privacy in short is defined as the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, re-purposing, providing to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via the Internet. What this mean is that we have the right to say what we want on the internet but there are some restrictions on how we do and in what manner we do it in. The Internet is full of millions of people reading and waiting for information, thus making the Internet the perfect medium between people and a golden door for intruders of privacy. Personal information such as social security numbers, drivers license number, account numbers, credit card number and security codes are our personal identity. This privacy is protected in L...

Report paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report paper - Essay Example Import of cereals into the country has been on the verge of increasing because of the rising needs for the use of cereals, vegetable and milk. The main factor that triggers this scenario is the increase in the number of young people as compared to the older people in the workforce. For instance, with the increased rates of employment culminating to maximum in the year 2010 to 2012, the workforce continues to demand for the increase in food supplies. However, the rates of increase in the importation of cereals are going down. An explanation for this is deeply rooted in the effort by the governance and policy makers of the region to bring about food security and contribute to the growth of GDP (Das & Mustapha 92). The data below shows the countries that export cereals to Qatar: The following is a relational chart that brings about the connection between the declines in the rates of importation of cereals into Qatar. It shows the way the development in the GDP of the country. The relation is in the mode in which it influences the food security as well as strategies for the economic growth (Das & Mustapha

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Marketing - Essay Example The cost for a normal unit is only $349 and the buyer sees an instant saving of both time and money. Most women recoup the cost of the IMA within a year. When introduced, the IMA was not advertised or placed in retail locations. The promotional tool used was a social-networking epidemic campaign that grew out of the â€Å"Maven-Connector-Salesman† theory first proposed at the turn of the century by Malcolm Gladwell in his book â€Å"The Tipping Point.† (Gladwell) Mavens in the area of beauty were first identified and then carefully introduced to important connectors to establish the network focus points. It was believed that personification of the product (Emma) was a key to selling to women and so â€Å"Emma† was given a personal webpage. In the beginning, â€Å"she† was present only to establish a presence, personify the product and offer a brand identity. A simple form for ordering was the only indication that the product was available. The personificat ion of the product was the third point of the strategy and a careful search had been made to find the perfect saleswoman who would personify the IMA and become Emma. Emma became the face of, and personified, the brand. Mavens were identified with carefully placed Maven-traps and the Connectors and salesmen were identified by genetic algorithm driven social networking spiders. A careful social engineering campaign was launched to develop relationships with Mavens and introducing them to Connectors. This was accomplished by one team and another team focused on developing relationships between Connectors and Salesmen. While the preparations for product launch were under way, production was working out the bugs in the manufacturing and support division. When the marketing team felt the network was ready to start the campaign, Mavens were provided with IMA’s to test in order to get their opinion. They were cautioned that the product was still in the early stages of production and were cautioned to only discuss it with close friends or if asked about it. Connectors who had been previously introduced to Mavens were quietly told about this new and revolutionary product, that it was in limited production and the company was keeping it quiet. The Connectors consulted their Mavens, received confirmation and validation and began telling their friends, some of whom were the Salesmen the team had identified. This caused an underground word-of-mouth campaign within social networks that generated an exponential demand with no advertising cost. The oversupply of childbearing age women as compared to men and the difficulty of women in finding a mate resulted in the desire of women to have a â€Å"secret weapon† that would give them an advantage over other women. The ability of a woman to put on, repair or rapidly change her makeup was noticeable and caused curiosity. Most women were in the workforce and their social lives revolved around their free time away from work. Women discovered a small change in their wardrobe and a change of makeup meant they could practically change personalities during a 45-minute lunch-break and be

Battle Of The Sexes And The Prisoners Dilemma Philosophy Essay

Battle Of The Sexes And The Prisoners Dilemma Philosophy Essay Ive had two experiences in the cases of Battle of Sexes and Prisoners Dilemma. My friend Chris and I once had a dispute on which movie to watch either Harry Potter or Toy Story. Both of us would like to watch both of them, but Chris would like to watch Harry Potter while I prefer Toy Story. Eventually, I suggested to watch Harry Potter first and Toy Story later. The other case happened when I was a kid. I used to lie to my mum when I was young. I always failed to hand in my homework on time. However, my teacher reported to my mom about the poor quality of my work. So my mum once inspected me and caught me for watching cartoons before finishing my homework. Then, she subjects me to study sessions at school for a year so I could catch up with my school work. However, in this year, my mom was disappointed about my attitude and I could no longer enjoy watching cartoons. Ive realized I could analyze both scenarios with Game Theory, specifically Battle of Sexes and Prisoners Dilemma. And both two games belong to Two-Person Non-Zero Sum Game, which describes a situation where a participants gain or loss is not balanced by the gains or losses of the other participant. Many common social dilemmas fall into this category, such as Centipede Game, Dictator Game (these will not be discussed in the essay) and etc. Utility Theory To support the claims of these games, the term utility has to be introduced. Utility refers to a measure of relative satisfaction. However, how much pain or pleasure a person feels and psychological effects can hardly be measured. In order to create a measurable platform for mathematicians to examine the best probable solution, numbers are assigned to notate utility for the concrete numerical reward or probability a person would gain. For instance, if I watch cartoons in order to escape from 50 difficult math questions, I will gain 50 util. Although this is relatively subjective, it is better to set a more objective measurement than having pure language description. Non-cooperative In Game Theory, we will always deal with games that allow players to cooperate or not in advance. A cooperative game refers to a game in which players have complete freedom of communication to make joint binding agreements. On the other hand, a non-cooperative game does not allow players to communicate in advance. Rationally, players would make decisions that benefit them the most. However, in some cases, like the Battle of Sexes and Prisoners Dilemma, the common interests would not be maximized by their selfishness. Zero Sum Game Zero-sum describes a situation in which a participants gain or loss is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the other participant(s). If there are n participants and their outcomes are notated as O1, O2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ On. Mathematically speaking, If player 1 uses a set of strategy A = (A1, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , Am) and player 2 uses B = (B1, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , Bn), the outcome Oij would have the probability xiyj, where both 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ i, j à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ m,n . The M1(x,y) = player 1, and M2(x,y) = player 2 Basically they are the expected value function for discrete X which express the expected value of their utilities. XiYj is the probability to certain decision while Ai and Bj are the respective decisions of player 1 and 2. The motivation of player is 1 to maximize M1 and of player 2 to maximize M2. In a competitive zero-sum game we have zeros of the utility functions so that M2(x,y) = -M1(x,y) which led to the term zero-sum. Therefore, it is never advantageous to inform your opponent the strategy you plan to adopt since there is only one clear winner and clear loser. So now we understand the concept that players cannot cooperate with each other. However, Battle of Sexes and Prisoners Dilemma could maximize the outcome through cooperation because they are non-zero sum game. M2(x,y) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   -M1(x,y). Notation Suppose we have two players Chris (C) and Me (M) in a game which one simultaneous move is allowed for each player the players do not know the decision made by each other. We will denote two sets of strategies as follows: S1: C = {C1, C2, C3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Cm} S2: B = {M1, M2, M3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mn} A certain outcome Oij is resulted from a strategy from each player, Ai and Bj. Matrix: So if I pick strategy 1, Chris picks strategy 2 for himself, the outcome would become O21. Therefore, each sets of strategy between Chris and me would have a distinctive outcome, in which there are mn possibilities. However, in this essay we do not deal with many decisions, mostly 2 per person Harry Potter (HP) or Toy Story (TS), or Honest or Dishonest. So it would come down to a 22 matrix, like the following diagram shown in Two-Person Non -Zero-Sum Game. Two person Non-Zero Sum Game Non-zero-sum games are opposite to zero-sum games, and are more complicated than the zero-sum games because the sum could be negative or positive. And a two person non-zero sum game is only played by two players. In a non-zero-sum game, a normal form must give both payoffs, since the loss is not incurred by the loser, but by some other party. To illustrate a few problems, we should consider the following payoff matrix. Payoffs shows as (Player 1, Player 2) Player 1 Strategy A Strategy B Player 2 Strategy X (8,9) (6,5) Strategy Y (5,10) (1,0) Apparently, if we sum up the payoffs of player 1, we would have 8+6+5+1 = 20. While Player 2 would have the payoffs of 9+5+10 = 19. This has clearly illustrated on of the properties of a non-zero sum game. Moreover, even if their payoffs are equal, one more requirement has to be met. The sum of all outcomes has to be 0. Since we only have positive integers here, we can conclude that the sum of all outcomes in this case is strictly > 0. So this is a typical example of two-person non-zero sum game. Introduction to Pure and Mixed Strategies Suppose a player has pure strategies S1, S2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Sk in a normal form game. The probability distribution function for all these strategies with their respective probabilities: P = p1, p2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦pk are nonnegative and = 1 because the sum of the probability of all strategies has to be 1. A pure strategy is achieved when only one is equal to 1 and all other pm are 0. Then P is a pure strategy and could be expressed as P = . However, a pure strategy is also used in a mixed strategy. The pure strategy is used in mixed strategy P if some is > 0. So in a micro-scale, there are many strategies in the pure-strategy set S; and in macro-scale, these strategy-sets contribute to a bigger profile P. We define the payoffs to P as following: where m,k à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 1 But if the strategy set S is not pure, the strategy profile P is considered strictly mixed; and if all the strategies are pure, the profile is completely mixed. And in the completely mixed profile, the set of pure strategies in the strategy profile P is called the support of P. For instance, in a classroom has a pure strategy for teacher to teach and for student to learn. Then these strategies, teaching and learning, are the support of the mixed strategy. Payoffs are commonly expressed as So let i ( s1,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,sn) be the payoff to player i for using the pure-strategy profile (P1,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,Pn) and if S is a pure strategy set for player i. Then the total payoffs would be the product of the probability of each strategy in the strategy set S (ps ) and the payoffs of each strategy (. So if we sum up all the payoffs: I (P) = , which is again similar to the expected mean payoff function we set up in the zero-sum game section. However, a key condition here is that players choices independent from each others, so the probability that the particular pure strategies can be simply notated as . Otherwise, probability of each strategy is expressed in terms of other ones. Nash Equilibrium The Nash equilibrium concept is important because we can accurately predict how people will play a game by assuming what strategies they choose by implementing a Nash equilibrium. Also, in evolutionary processes, we can model different set of successful strategies which dominate over unsuccessful ones; and stable stationary states are often Nash equilibria. On the other hand, often do we see some Nash equilibria that seem implausible, for example, a chess player dominates the game over another. In fact they might be unstable equilibria, so we would not expect to see them in the real world in long run. Thus, the chess player understands that his strategy is too aggressive and careless, which leads to continuous losses. Eventually he will not adopt the same strategy and thus is put back to Nash equilibrium. When people appear to deviate from Nash equilibria, we can conclude that they do not understand the game, or putting to ourselves, we have misinterpreted the game they play or the payoffs we attribute to them. But in important cases, people simply do not play Nash equilibria which are better for all of us. I lied to my mom because of personal interests. The Nash equilibrium in the case between my mom and me would be both being honest. Suppose the game of n players, with strategy sets si and payoff functions I (P) = , for i = 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦n, where P is the set of strategy profiles. Let S be the set of mixed strategies for player i. where m,k à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 1 The fundamental Theorem of a mixed-strategy equilibrium develops the principles for finding Nash equilibria. Let P = (P1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Pn) be a mixed-strategy profile for an n-player game. For any player i, let P-i represent the mixed strategies used by all the players other than player i. The fundamental theorem of mixed-strategy Nash Equilibrium says that P is a Nash equilibrium if and only if, for any player i = 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ n with pure-strategy set Si and if s, s Si occur with positive probability in Pi, then the payoffs to s and s, when played against P-i are equal. Battle of Sexes We shall begin with my example: At the cinema (C: Chris, M: Me) M1 M2 C1 (2,1) (-1,-1) C2 (-1,-1) (1,2) *Choice 1: Harry Potter *Choice 2: Toy Story The game can be interpreted by a situation where Chris and I could not make the choice that satisfies both of them. Chris prefers Harry Potter while I prefer a movie. Consequently, if we choose our preferred activities, they would end up at (C1, M2) where the outcomes would only be (-1,-1) because both of us would like to watch the movie together. Thus the Utility Function (U): Utility from the movie + Utility from being together. Considering a rather impossible situation where both of us do not choose our preferred options (C2, M1). This dilemma has put one of us sacrifice our entertainment and join the other, like (C1, M1) or (C2,M2). Thus the total outcome could be up to 3 util instead of -2 in the other two situations. Therefore, I made a decision to give up watching Toy Story and join Chris watching Harry Potter. Let be the probability of Chris watching Harry Potter and be the probability of me watching Toy Story. Because in a mixed-strategy equilibrium, the payoff to Harry Potter and Toy Story must be equal for Chris. Payoff for me is and Chris payoff is . Since , , which makes . On the other hand, has to be 1-2/3 = 1/3. Thus, the probability for (C1, M1) or (C2, M2) = and that for (C2, M1) and (C1, M2) = Because both go Harry Potter (2/3)(1/3) = 2/9 at the same time, and similarly for Toy Story, and otherwise they miss each other. Both players do better if they can cooperate (properties of non-zero sum game), because (2,1) and (1,2) are better than . We get the same answer if we find the Nash equilibrium by finding the intersection of the players best response functions. The payoffs are as follows: To find the payoffs of Chris relative to my probability, which is similar to probability distribution function (p.d.f.). Here are the cases Similarly for player B Thus. Chris would have a lower tendency for a positive payoff since his payoff tends to decrease if 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Prisoners Dilemma Now it is the situation of where I lied to my mom. Heres the action between me and my mom. I could choose to be honest or lie to my mom while my mom, on the other hand, could only trust me or suspect me of being dishonest. The payoff matrix is as follow (Me: I, Mom: M): I1 I2 M1 (2,2) (0,3) M2 (3,0) (-1, -1) *Choice 1: Honest/Trust *Choice 2: Dishonest/Suspect This situation is a prisoners dilemma because it sets up a few key conditions. If both my mom and I choose to be honest, I would do the homework but I will not be subject to homework session for a year, and my mom will not be upset about me. So it results in the best mutual benefits (2,2). If I lie to her and she trusts me, I am happy from watching cartoon (3,0). But if she suspects me and I am honest, I would feel like a prisoner being suspected. (0,3). And eventually, if I am dishonest and she suspects me, we would end up in a bad relationship (-1,-1). Interestingly, I would prefer (I2, M1) because I have the greatest personal utility. But if I go for greatest mutual benefits, I would choose (I1, M1). Utility Function for Me: (UI): C + H + S + R C = Utility from watching cartoon H = Utility from doing homework S = Utility from homework session R = Utility from relationship with mom Now, to further discuss Prisoners dilemma for all cases, we had rather set up some variables. I1 I2 M1 (1,1) (-y,1+x) M2 (1+x,-y) (0, 0) Now let be the probability of I play I1 and be that of M playing M1 and x,y > 0. And now we could set up the payoff functions easily with these notations. Which could be simplified into is maximized when = 0, and similarly for be maximized when = 0, regardless of what each other does. So in fact it is a mutually defect equilibrium because the best-response for each other is not the best response for both of us. Therefore, one of us should sacrifice for the others or both of us cooperate to work out the best solution. In real life, people should choose to cooperate with trust. Assume that there is a psychic gain > 0 for I and > 0 for M when both of us cooperate, in addition to the tempting payoff 1+x. If we rewrite the payoffs with these assumptions and equations, we get Which can further be simplified into The first equation shows that if player I will then play I1 and if , then player M will play M1. Apparently, I would have done it because the total mutual payoffs of (I1, M1) both my mom and I are honest and trustworthy, would be higher than that of (I2, M1) where I lie to my mom who trust me. This would happen, for instance, I could get 10 candy bars and my mom can enjoy watching TV if both of us are honest. In fact, many corporates in the real world result in such way; therefore, sometimes, cooperation with others could be beneficial to ourselves. Conclusion

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay examples -- Mary Shelley Frankenstei

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Frankenstein is back to the role of narrator. He is bewildered and perplexed. The creature desires a female as his right. The latter part of the tale has enraged Victor, and he refuses the request. The creature counters that he is malicious because of misery†¹why respect man when man condemns him? He is content to destroy everything related to Victor until he curses the day he was born. Gladly would he relinquish his war against humanity if only one person loved him. Since none do, he has to find happiness elsewhere, and he is pleading that his creator make him happy with someone to share his misery. Frankenstein sees justice in his argument. The creature notes his change in countenance and promises that he would leave all humanity for the wilds of South America. The narrator does not believe this and refuses once again. The creature continues to plead and threaten. He is looking to become "linked to the chain of existence and events" from which he is now excluded. Victor is to rn. He thinks about the creature's great strength, about how much more destruction he might cause. He therefore agrees to the task, to save the rest of humanity. The creature says he will watch his progress, and leaves him. He descends the mountain with a heavy heart, and returns to Geneva haggard. To save his family, Victor resolves to comply with the creature's wish. Analysis: The most important feature of this chapter is the manner in which Frankenstein is convinced to make another being. Throughout most of the conversation, the creature's tone is reasonable in the extreme. By aligning his maliciousness with misery, he is blaming Frankenstein for what he has become. Phrasing the accusation in this manner, however, is so not confrontational that it is more effective at evoking the sympathy of Victor and the reader. Often the creature refers to Frankenstein as "you, my creator." This doubled form of address not only reminds the narrator of the role he has in giving life to this creature; it is a complimentary title that begs for help. There is a definite Biblical tone to his speech†¹his dialogue abounds with verbs such as "shall" that carry a confident, imperative feeling. The creature then proceeds to ask a string of rhetorical questions about dealing with humans. These strengthen his arguments because he is emphasizing his state as the misera... ... him in this situation. The creature emits a howl of "devilish despair" when he sees the future partner destroyed. Even in moments of sadness, Victor still sees him as a demon and a monster. Perhaps he might have placated the creature if he had acknowledged the humanity within him. As it is, the creature truly has given into monster tendencies by letting vengeance take over his life, and the reader is correct to fear him. The idea of inescapable destiny returns as the creature reminds the narrator that he will be there on his wedding-night. Creature and creator are linked, and Victor will not be allowed to consummate this intimate experience without interference from his other half. The near-death experience on the water is strangely teasing†¹Frankenstein is about to perish, when for no explicated reason he spots land. He then echoes the sentiments of the creature when he states that even in misery, a love of life persists. The author is toying with her character, almost off ering the perfect solution to his troubles, and justifying an embracing of life. Finally, nature imagery turns dark and gloomy, with many clouds and high winds that preview the storm about to erupt once again.

Navratri

Navratri is one of the most significant and awaited Hindu festival. The zeal and excitement of the festival is evident all over India way before the actual festival starts. Navratri celebrations in India are grand and everyone wants to be a part of them.Meaning of NavratriNavratri literally means ‘Nine Nights’ in the Sanskrit language. There are various myths associated with the festival and different religions and communities in India have a different way to celebrate the festival but the festival is primarily dedicated to goddess Durga (symbol of power) who is worshipped in nine forms during the nine days of Navratri. The festivities last for nine long days and people indulge in prayers & dancing and singing among other things to appease the goddess Durga.Navratri in IndiaThe Navratri celebrations in India also vary from state to state. Each state has something unique of its own to add to the celebrations of the festival. The Navratri celebrations in the state of Gujar at, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala and Kashmir are popular all across India for being reflective of true Indian culture through traditional dances and pujas (prayers) among numerous other activities.If you wish to travel to any place in India to enjoy the fun and frolic of an Indian festival, then the best option would be the time of Navratri. The interesting rituals associated with the festival contribute to making the celebration a fascinating one.Why is Navratri celebrated?Navratri is celebrated in the honor of goddess Durga who is an impersonation of Shakti (power). The festival celebrates femininity in all its forms. There are several myths associated with the festival incuding the killing of a demon named Mahishasura at the hands of goddess Durga.Which places in India are famous for Navratri celebration?Indian states like Gujarat, West Bengal, Kerala, Kashmir, Mysore and Tamil Nadu are popular for their Navratri celebrations. The Garba of Gujarat and Durga Puja of West Benga l are highlights of Navratri festival in India.What should one eat during the Navratri fast?There are specific food items that one should eat during the Navratri fast. Fasting during Navratri was never as good as it is nowadays. Sabudana, kuttu, Singhade, Aloo (potato) are some of the foods which are consumed in different forms by those who are fasting.What are the main events of Navratri?Goddess Durga is worshipped on all the nine days of the festival in different forms. Different states in India have their own way of celebrating the festival. In West Bengal Durga Puja is held in the last four days of Navratri where larger than life pandals of Durga are decorated and people wear new clothes on each day. Similarly in Gujarat people have dandiya and garba nights where they dance and celebrate.What are the colours of Navratri?There is a custom of wearing a different colour on each of the days of Navratri especially in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The idol of Goddess Durga is also decorate d in different colour of clothes on all days.How is the Navratripooja performed?After taking an early morning bath, a kalash (pitcher) is filled with water and a moli is tied around it. Then the deity is worshipped with vermilion (sindoor), Kumkum, rice, flowers, beetle leaves, beetle nuts, Gulal among other things. The ghee is added to the burning clay pot of fire and people sing Aarti or praises of goddess along.

Christmas and Winter Holiday Vocabulary 100 Word List

This comprehensive Christmas  and winter holiday vocabulary word list can be used in the classroom in so many ways. Use it to inspire word walls, word searches, puzzles, Hangman and Bingo games, crafts, worksheets, story starters, creative writing word banks, and a variety of elementary lesson plans in almost any subject. Customize the vocabulary you choose based on the policies of your school. Some public and private schools may only allow secular references to winter holidays, while some faith-based schools may prefer not to include secular or popular mythological references to Santa Claus, Frosty the Snowman, or other secular holiday  characters.   Types of Word List Activities There are many ways to use this list of Christmas and winter vocabulary in your classroom, including: Word walls: Build vocabulary by designating one wall or part of a wall to post large print words that all students can read from their desks.   Word search puzzles: Create your own word search puzzles using one of several online puzzle generators. This allows you to customize them as appropriate for your class and school policies. For example, some schools may only allow secular references to the winter holidays. Sight word flashcards: Make flashcards to improve vocabulary for early elementary students and for those with learning disabilities. Building holiday vocabulary will help your students with seasonal reading. Holiday words may also be more fun for them to learn and spark interest. Hangman: This is an easy way to use Christmas words, and playing this game in the classroom can be a fun, interactive break between lessons. Poem  or story written-word exercise: Have students draw three or more of the words to incorporate into a poem or story. You can assign these to be turned in or shared with the class. Poems may be rhyming or not  or in the form of a limerick or haiku. You can ask for a minimum word count for written story assignments. Impromptu speech exercise: Have students draw one to five words to incorporate into an impromptu speech to give to the class. Have them draw words and immediately begin a speech, or give them a few minutes to prepare. Christmas and Winter Holiday 100 Word List This list is alphabetized to make it easier for you to find the words you want to use for your activities. AdventAngelsAnnouncementBellsBethlehemBlitzenCandlesCandyCandy canesCardsCedarCelebrateCeremoniesChimneyChristmas cookiesChristmas treeColdCometCranberry sauceCrowdsCupidDancerDasherDecemberDecorationsDollsDonnerDressingEggnogElvesFamily reunionFestivalFirFrostyFruitcakeGift boxesGiftsGoodwillGreetingsHamHappyHolidayHollyHolyIciclesJollyLightsListsMerryMiracleMistletoeNew YearNoelNorth PolePageantParadesPartyPiePinePlum puddingPoinsettiaPrancerPresentsPumpkin piePunchRed/greenReindeerRibbonRudolphSacredSalesSauceScroogeSeasonSledSleighbellsSnowflakesSpiritSt. NickStandStarStickersStocking stuffersSweet potatoTidingsTinselTogethernessToysTraditionTrafficTripsTurkeyVacationVixenWinterWorshipWrapping paperWreathYuleYuletide